How Does Jesus Show People Are More Important Than Law Free Essays

‘How does Jesus show individuals are a higher priority than the law? Do you concur? Clarify why or why not. ‘ Jesus recommends that individuals are a higher priority than the law through a considerable lot of his activities and the things he lectured, that conflicted with or subverted the exacting Laws the J wash society he was naturally introduced to held to. A significant number of these activities and the things he said could be deciphered to imply that Jesus didn't think these laws were not appropriate in some carnival moves any longer thus needn’t be complied, bringing about him proportioning individuals, and more devil fervently, love, over a portion of the laws. We will compose a custom paper test on How Does Jesus Show People Are More Important Than Law or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Jesus initially determines that individuals have need over law in Mark 2:2328, where h e states specifically Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. % This s recommends that he was testing the ‘relinquishing society that the Pharisees had made, where it was not, at this point about keeping the laws to respect God and to support man, yet rather about standing to the laws and being rebuffed on the off chance that you didn’t. In expressing this, Jesus is e underscoring this and recommending that the laws were not the most significant thing and leniency o n the individuals was progressively significant if the laws were not kept than discipline. This thought is again submitted in John 8:1 1, where as opposed to rebuffing the two-timing lady, Jesus awards m Eric on her and rather says ‘Now proceed to leave your life of wrongdoing. ‘ This again infers individuals are a higher priority than maintaining the law, in spite of the fact that clearly every situation is unique and must be taken care of in like manner. Rather than stressing law as the most significant thing, Jesus rather present sec Love as the most significant rule over keeping the law. This is made obvious I n Mark 12:2831, when Jesus expressed the most significant precept is ‘Love the Lord your God with everything that is in you, †¦ LU, †¦ Mind and †¦ Strength’ and the second being ‘Love your neighbor our as yourself. ‘ Jesus goes on in Luke 10:2537 to indicate that being someone’s ‘neighbor’ is h avian ‘mercy’ on others, appeared in the Parable of the Good Samaritan. Inside this il lustration, J sees additionally delineates the ‘neighbor’ similar to a â€Å"enemy† of the harmed man who violated the Jewish law by contacting somebody messy (despite the fact that he himself was a Gentile so this noise ‘t concern him however applied to the harmed man, whom his own general public would have dismissed), b UT was recognized as making the best choice even by the Jews tuning in to the story. Jesus is consequently underlining the estimation of people over maintaining the law, coming from desert plants Eng out of adoration for them. Jesus additionally presented for the pupils this idea of the laws no longer en ding to be â€Å"forced† upon individuals and subsequently everything being permitted, however the laws ha competing our eventual benefits at the top of the priority list so keeping them ought to be for our advantage , and not for keeping them. This is reverberated by Paul in 1 Corinthians 6:12 when he states â€Å"everything is admissible for me, yet not all things are helpful. â€Å". This shows people as now, through Jesus, being et liberated from the laws, yet in addition expresses that the laws were initially set up e for our advantage and assurance, along these lines recommending the most sensible activity would be to u maintain them, yet 18/11/14 By Amelia Parkinson Ethics Prep Questions only done having to carefully comply with them for doing as such, and m meaning the old laws would now be able to be broken in the event that it is the most cherishing activity to do. By and by, concur with the methodology Jesus has to the laws, and imagine that Poe strip should take need over submitting to the laws. The most effective method to refer to How Does Jesus Show People Are More Important Than Law, Essays

The target audience Essay Example

The intended interest group Paper There are numerous dialects utilized in the advert, yet the ones that I thought of straight away are stunning, forceful and factual. I thought that it was stunning, in light of the fact that the pooch is upbeat as though the proprietor hasnt taken the canine for a walk. Presently the canine says hes taking a dip, yet then he alters his perspective, on the grounds that the stream looks cold and filthy in addition to the proprietor didnt bring a towel, rather he purchased a sack. At the point when the canine says the proprietor a sack you can expect that he is going to place the pooches in the sack and toss them in the trench. You see this through tenderness. I thought that it was forceful toward the end, when the trademark came up, in light of the fact that I have just clarified, it is immediate intrigue. It is forceful in light of the fact that they utilize the word DAMN. That is a strange word to use in adverts, however of course it is significant. That is the reason I thought that it was verifiable not long before the trademark. The lady voice over says that consistently the RSPCA needs to save a large number of undesirable pets, and it is valid, that is the reason I think it is factual. Using camera edges, diegetic sound and a forceful trademark toward the end put the RSPCAs TV battle together. The utilization of camera points in the advert makes the advert progressively significant. There are numerous camera edges utilized in the RSPCAs communicate, there are, medium shots, low edge and the god shot (flying creatures eye see). We will compose a custom article test on The intended interest group explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The intended interest group explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The intended interest group explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The reason for the medium shot is to set the climate. Medium shots are similar to streak backs, yet theyre simply still shots. We see this shot in the advert, when the canine alters his perspective on swimming, on the grounds that the stream is cold and grimy. After the pooch says that, the camera returns to give us how grimy the stream is and the camera remains there for five seconds. The other shot is the point at which the proprietor takes the canines to place them in the sack, there is a divider with spray painting on it, and container packs in front. As of now that shop causes the climate to appear to be hazardous. Low edge shots cause the proprietor to appear to be ground-breaking. This is on the grounds that this edge is through the mutts eyes. This camera point is the canine, in light of the fact that the camera is shaking. This point is acceptable in light of the fact that it gives us what the pooch sees, and how we would feel in the event that we were in the mutts position. This is a kind of influential shot, in such a case that you were a canine then you wouldnt need that event to you. This edge causes the proprietor to appear to be incredible, in light of the fact that in the advert when it comes up to the spray painting on the dividers, the proprietor puts a rope around the camera to make it a leash. The feathered creatures eye shot is the most significant shot. There is just one of these shots, which makes it exceptional. This shot is likely the greatest shot in the advert, since this demonstrates you are directly about the proprietor, in the event that he is truly going to slaught er the pooches. This shot shows the proprietor placing the canine in the sack and strolling towards the river. The diegetic sounds in the advert give us an effect of confinement and fear. The diegetic sounds in this advert are; strides, waterway streaming, vehicles and trees moving in the wind. The dread factor is the point at which the proprietor goes across the street with his pooches, yet doesnt have them on a chain. This makes us think he purposely needs them to get run over by a car. When they are strolling or going through the grass, the pooch takes a gander at the stream and reconsiders taking a dip, yet at the same time the proprietor takes him. This is separation. What gives this advert a major influences that the mutts voice is youthful and Scottish, which makes the crowd think the canine is cheerful and glad and is more vulnerable. Without the proprietors diegetic sound, at that point we wouldnt have suspected that the proprietor would do this, since he began upbeat, however then bit by bit blows up, pushed and inpatient. No voice-overs make the crowd recollect images. The motto toward the end is extremely forceful, yet it despite everything is influential. This is on the grounds that the motto is introduced on a clear screen, trailed by the winged creatures eye see shot of the canine being tossed in the stream. My sentiment is that the TV advert is more convincing than the radio advert. The radio advert you need to think and tune in to the advert and work out that it is a pooch, yet in the TV publicize you definitely realize it is a canine in light of the fact that another pooch is running before the camera that is talking. Radio adverts are some how acceptable, on the grounds that the individuals that dont have time cannot watch it on TV, so they simply hear it out on the radio. On the off chance that you were a visually impaired individual, at that point you would incline toward the TV publicize on the grounds that it has diegetic sounds, which cause you to envision what is happening. A few people incline toward radio adverts, in light of the fact that the TV takes up a great deal of power, in addition to radio is less expensive than TV.

Language as a Symbol of Group Membership Asserting the Right to Be Unique

Chapter by chapter list Black English: The Voices That Come from Within â€Å"You Speak My Language!† Conclusion Works Cited People have consistently been encountering the issues of seeing even in their own language. The language issues will likely never be tackled, regardless of whether the humanity will at long last come to talking very much the same language. Publicizing We will compose a custom paper test on Language as a Symbol of Group Membership: Asserting the Right to Be Unique explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More regardless of the obvious comparability between the American English and the Black English, individuals despite everything experience certain issues in understanding the Black American vernacular. In spite of the fact that this rendition of American English is across the board enough to be viewed as its very own lingo, there are sure questions if this adaptation of American English can be viewed as a practical language. In his grasping and u nbelievably adroit book, Keith Gilyard thinks about the Black American tongue, reaching the resolution that what used to be a state of the English language has at last come to be an independent language with the guidelines and the quirks of its own. All things considered, as the creator claims, plainly insofar as individuals talk a vernacular, one needs to concede its reality and its need (Gilyard). With assistance of coherently organized contentions and recorded realities about the Black American English, the writer drives the peruser to the possibility that the Black American English is as significant and feasible as the remainder of the world dialects, which implies that the Black American English isn't to be disparaged. Dark English: The Voices That Come from Within Unfortunately, the affirmation of Black English has been a significant issue since the time the vernacular language rose. In spite of the various investigates led on the theme, it despite everything presents a seriou s dicey issue for language specialists. Despite the fact that there was an examination conceding that the vernacular English does reserve the option to exist as its very own language, as Gilyard claims (27), the discussions working around the issue are developing progressively long.Advertising Looking for paper on dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the contention and the complicacy of the issue raised, it is clear that Keith has a point in his endeavors to persuade the peruser in the need to recognize Black English. What establishes the best connection in Gilyard’s chain of obstructions is the possibility that as long as there are individuals who talk certain lingo, the last exists whatever etymologists may think. In this way, considering the possibility that the Black English can't exist as an independent adaptation of the American English, Gilyard arrives at the resolution that such perspective preve nts the social points of interest from claiming the individuals who utilize the vernacular form of the American English: Such scholars as Geneva Smitherman (1977), Jim Haskins and Hugh Butts (1973), and J. L. Fillard (1973) have denounced the state funded school system’s conventional nonrecognition and disapproval of the different and real language assortment, famously marked as Black English, spoken by most of downtown dark youth. In their view, this certain and unequivocal dismissal of language conveys dismissal of both Black youngsters and the way of life that has created them. (Gilyard 9) Therefore, the key thought which Giluyard is attempting to pass on is that as long as the language verbally expressed by a gathering of individuals or a network is related with certain culture and assumes the presence of certain. One of the most significant issues which Gilyard stresses is that language is a vital piece of people’s character, both individual and social which impli es that without the language of their own, this culture will break down in the expanse of the overwhelming tastes. For this situation, language is the issue that pastes individuals together, helping them to keep their customs and national quirks. â€Å"You Speak My Language!† as far as the interconnection between the language and the national personality, Gilyard communicates a hypothesis of vital significance which decides the estimation of the vernacular English as the independent language. Publicizing We will compose a custom exposition test on Language as a Symbol of Group Membership: Asserting the Right to Be Unique explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emphasizing that language is an image of gathering participation and the personality of an individual, the creator explains the interrelation between a man and the general public, which is very sensible, yet it appears that the hypothesis isn't as perfect as it ought to be. From one viewpoint, the chain o f thoughts makes an impression of a characteristic and consistent contention. Undoubtedly, guaranteeing that the basic language is the principal measure as indicated by which individuals run in ethnic gatherings; yet there are sure questions this is one of the key issues which foreordain the possibility of individual personality. In any case, it must be conceded that the creator drives solid contentions to help his perspective: First, to downplay how bound up language is with personality speaks to a distinct limitation. That much ought to be clear at this point. Second, one should realize that regardless of endeavors to â€Å"correct† children’s punctuation, youngsters themselves generally pick which language assortments they will talk. (Gilyard 114) Thus, it despite everything must be conceded that the individual who doesn't communicate in the language of the gathering will never get an entrance to the participation in the given gathering. However it ought to be remem bered that the language is simply a segment of the substance that makes the personality of an individual. Along these lines, it can't be viewed as that the nonattendance of regular language predetermines total prohibition from certain gathering. Adopting an increasingly progressive strategy, one will discover that social and national character is an entirety of various components, among which there is likewise the language factor. In like manner, with the remainder of the components of the national character present, one has the privilege to be acknowledged into the given national or social gathering even without knowing the language. Still it is important to make reference to that in the circumstance over the language osmosis will at last happen, and the individual will either acknowledge the language of the gathering, or mesh the vernacular language like the one verbally expressed in the gathering. Anyway, the procedure of social osmosis will at long last cause significant damage even on the individual with various language background.Advertising Searching for exposition on dialects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Since the language makes one of the segments of the character of an individual, there is no uncertainty that the Black English is to be acknowledged in schools as the language which has the privilege to exist. Consequently, educators need to permit youngsters to utilize their language to pass on their thoughts better and to deliver unique thoughts. Without their native language, the understudies may feel baffled and upset, which will ruin their school advance and have contrary effect on their self-improvement. End There is no uncertainty that as long as there are individuals communicating in certain language, nobody can completely destroy the last mentioned and off the hearts of the individuals. Despite what might be expected, urging individuals to communicate their thoughts in their local tongue will assist them with understanding that their way of life is valued and regarded. Just with assistance of common regard and the affirmation of every language, individuals will have the opti on to keep each and every social custom in harmony and amicability. Works Cited Gilyard, Keith R. Voices of the Self: A Study of Language Competence. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1991. Print. This paper on Language as a Symbol of Group Membership: Asserting the Right to Be Unique was composed and put together by client D0naldBlake to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Gateway Essay Samples

Gateway Essay SamplesGateway essay samples are one of the best resources to teach you how to write essays. They are very easy to access, and you have so many options to choose from. And this is true for both first-time students and graduate students.Many people wonder if they will be able to learn how to write a good essay without these resources. In fact, most of the resources available online are not designed to help you with your essays. Most will not even show you how to use them. If you choose to use a resource that does not teach you how to use the material in a way that you understand, then you may be wasting your time.But, there are many other methods that you can use to help you get started writing your essays. Many first time students rely on their teachers to help them get started. While this may work well for some students, others may find that they do not have the time or the inclination to learn.You can always take it upon yourself to write your own essays. There are ma ny options available to you, such as high school essays, college essays, and adult essays.Some sites that provide essay samples include taking quizzes and giving you hints. Many, but not all, of these resources are free. However, many paid sites that offer samples will charge you for more advanced, harder-to-master methods.Another great resource to help you with essay writing is to attend a workshop. These workshops will not only give you great tips for writing essays, but will also give you the opportunity to see professional essay writers in action.There are many other options available for you to use when learning how to write your essays. However, as you can see, Gateway Essay Samples is a good option for first time and beginner writers. You will be able to use all of the links above to help you get started.

Free To Cash Flow Per Share Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1603 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Definition: Free to Cash flow also known as FCF is the cash flow available to the firm or its equity holders net of Capital Expenditures Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2009). Jensen (1986) defines FCF as cash flow remaining after all positive net present value projects are funded at the relevant cost of capital. Free to Cash Flow per Share which is a measure of a firms financial flexibility and it is determined by dividing the free cash flow by the total number of shares outstanding. Importance: The capacity of a Firm to generate Free Cash flow is one of the most key factors to consider when analyzing the firm from a fundamental point of view. Most investors are familiar with basic indicators such as the price-earnings ratio (P/E), book value, price-to-book (P/B). However Investors, who recognize the significance of cash generation, use the Cash Flow Statements of the Company. Cash flow represents the flow of cash earned (income) and spent (expenditure) in a company, and the Free to Cash Flow is regarded as a subset of the Cash Flow. The free to cash flow valuation approach is considered vital because it takes into consideration the firms capital expenditures. Companies with free cash flow that is, cash flow net of capital expenditures can increase the growth, expansion and prosperity of their company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Free To Cash Flow Per Share Finance Essay" essay for you Create order FCF Per Share= Cash Flow- Capital Expenditure/ Outstanding Shares The Free to Cash Flow Theory: A positive Free to Cash Flow value indicates that the firm is generating more cash than is used to run the company and therefore reinvest to bring about growth in the company. A negative Free to Cash Flow value indicates either that the company is not able to generate adequate cash to maintain the business, or the company is making large investments and if these investments earn a high return, the strategy has the potential to pay off in the long run. FreeÂÂ  cash flow is very relevant because itÂÂ  provides a company the opportunity to carry out various investments that enhance shareholder value. With insufficient cash, it is difficult for a company toÂÂ  develop new products, make acquisitions, pay dividends and reduce debt. Based on this we can suggest that firms with positive or high free to cash flow, can reduce their debt or leverage levels, while firms with negative or low free to cash flow will most likely have to increase their debt or leverage levels to maintain the companys business. This is consistent with the PECKING ORDER THEORY developed by Myers (1984) and Myers and Majluf (1984), which is based on the premise that there is a strict ordering or hierarchy of sources of finance which implies that firms will have a preference for internal sources of funds followed by debt and then, when such sources are exhausted, equity finance will be used. This implies that firms with high free to cash flow, will have low leverage levels and firms with low free to cash flow will have high debt or leverage levels. JENSENS (1986) FCF HYPOTHESIS: Jensens FCF hypothesis is that firms with high levels of Cash flow will waste it on negative NPV projects. According to Jensen this is likely to arise as a result of large amount of free cash flows, i.e. cash flows in excess of the funds needed to finance all positive NPV projects. Such free cash flows should be paid out to shareholders if the firm is to maximize shareholder value. Jensen (1986) claims that the corporate restructuring move of the past decade, such as leveraged buyouts, leveraged takeovers and leveraged recapitalizations, are ways for corporations to lessen free cash flows. Increased leverage forces the firm to commit future cash flows to debt servicing, thereby reducing the discretionary cash of managers. This lowers the possibility that managers will invest in value-decreasing projects, thus enhancing value to shareholders. From this, it has been theorized that Leveraged Buyouts solve the problem by not only removing management but also the debt associated with the LBO reduces managements discretion when it comes to the cash, because when corporate resources are incompetently managed, shareholders wealth is destroyed. Lang and Litzenberger (1989) empirically test the FCF hypothesis their results provide empirical support for the FCF hypothesis. It generally explains the benefits of debts or leverage in reducing agency costs of free cash flow. The Free to Cash Flow per Share is an important company financial indicator based on the research and study above it reflects the Cash position of the firm and therefore is important to the Researcher in determining the leverage ratio or Capital Structure of the Firm and also to the Manager in its effect on the Firms Strategic Decisions, thus It is of high relevance in the Model in determining the level of leverage by the sample firms. MARKET TO BOOK RATIO Definition: Market to book ratio, is the ratio of price per share divided by book value per share. It is seen as a useful measure of value and an indicator of how aggressively the market values the firm Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2009). Market to Book Ratio= market value per share/book value per share Importance: Market to book ratio has been used severally by many researchers in analysing the Theories of Capital Structure and as an important indicator of Corporate Financial and Strategic Decisions. Market to Book ratio also called the price to book ratio and is used to determine whether the stock of a firm is undervalued or overvalued. It is most especially used as a measure of growth opportunities of the firm. A ratio above 1(one) suggests a potentially undervalued stock, while a ratio below 1(one) suggests a potentially overvalued stock. THE TRADE OFF THEORY It is generally accepted that market to book ratio, which is necessarily seen as a measure of a firms growth opportunities, is negatively related to leverage ratio, that is firms with higher market to book ratios have lower leverage based on empirical studies by Hovakimian (2004), Baker and Wurgler (2002). However some other researchers such as Long Chen and Xinlei Zhao (2006) came to the conclusion that the relationship between the market to book ratio and leverage ratio is not monotonic and can be positive or negative for various firms. The Trade off Theory- The trade-off theory is based on the premise that firms choose optimal leverage ratios by balancing borrowing costs against benefits. According to this theory, firms with higher market to book ratios also have higher growth opportunities and they intend to keep lower current target leverage ratios thus they are more likely to issue equity when they realize new investment opportunities and downwardly adjust their target leverage ratios. Long Chen and Xinlei Zhao (2006) carried out a study on the relationship between the market to book ratio and debt financing costs using corporate bond data. They made use of credit spread which is the difference between corporate bond yield and treasury bond yield of similar maturity. The credit spread data and related bond information covering the 1995- 2002 period. The purpose was to examine the relationship between credit spread and market to book ratio after controlling for other determinants. The estimation technique uses was the pooled panel regression which where were controlled for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. With three control variables (i) bond-specific, including bond rating and maturity; (ii) firm-specific, including size, leverage ratio, equity volatility, and equity return; and (iii) macro variables, including 3-month T-bill rate and interest rate slope (the difference between 10-year and 1-year interest rate), their conclusion was that credit spread is significantly negatively related to the market-to-book ratio. Therefore, firms with higher market to book ratios face significantly low borrowing costs, which mean the firms can borrow more, since debt is cheaper for them. These results suggest that the relationship between the market to book ratio and leverage ratio might not be monotonic (can either be positive or negative) as earlier discussed. According to Long Chen and Xinlei Zhao (2006) since the trade off theory predicts that firms choose optimal leverage ratios by balancing borrowing costs against benefits. A version of the trade off theory that is consistent with the empirical evidence in their research is as follows: Higher market to book ratios is related to lower borrowing costs. For firms with low to medium market to book ratios, the benefits from borrowing exceeds external equity issuance, and firms make optimal decisions by borrowing more. Alternatively, firms with high market to book ratios have high growth opportunities since they are faced with low borrowing costs and thus preserving low leverage target ratios becomes a major concern. They suggested that fresh insights are needed to explain the relationship between the market to book ratio, growth opportunity, and leverage ratio. The market to book ratio was also used as an indicator of growth opportunities, in a research paper by Basil Al-Najjar and Peter Taylor, based on their study of Jordanian firms they found a strong significant positive relationship between the potential growth rate, as indicated by the market to book ratio, and leverage, this explains that with high growth opportunities the firms have a preference for debt financing as a means of financing their investment opportunities. This is also evidence that the relationship between leverage and Market to book ratio is not monotonic. Based on this study of The Market to Book Ratio is very relevant in this research work and in the Model because it is an essential financial indicator for the Researcher in determining the Capital Structure or Leverage Ratio of a Firm, and for the Manager in investigating how it affects the Firms Financial Strategic Decisions.

Feminism And Its Effects On Society - 1173 Words

For the past few decades, â€Å"feminism† has been portrayed as women who hate men and think all men are evil. True â€Å"feminists† define it as achieving equal political, economical, and social rights for women. Though more and more people are starting to realize the true meaning, its the negative assumptions that are stuck in people’s mind. The media is to blame for misguiding people because of these false accusations. Feminist still faced problems in today’s society. Many people are made to believe that problems do not exist, and others just simply overlook them. It is not much of a gender issue, but it is a humanity issue. I believe that feminist are dealt with more problems that society is even aware of. Even though women has been treated more equally over the years, problems that feminist face are still relevant in today s society because the contributions that women have made are being overlooked, women are not treated equal to men in the workplace , and the media has stereotyped the â€Å"typical women†. While some say women are usually smarter than men and are more qualified, people against feminism believe that women are great at retaining information without thinking too deeply about it. Anti-feminists believe that women do not challenge a theory’s assumption or deeply think about the logical standpoint behind certain assumptions. Throughout the history of philosophy, even back to Plato and Socrates, women do not appear. Even back to huge discoveries in science and economics,Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Feminism on Society816 Words   |  3 PagesIn the average workplace, women earn 22% less salary than men regardless of their work ethic or what they have to offer to their employer (Lowen). Women around the world have been treated like they hold less significance to society dating back to the ancient Romans. This leads many to question: why does it matter now? In the ever growing and changing world known to day women need to take a stand for what they are worth. Many of these strong willed women that are looking for change are leading charactersRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society1509 Words   |  7 Pages In our modern society there is a word that can be said that can make grown men cringe and conservative parents worry and strike up discussions and debates anywhere you go. This word carries a lot of weight but is never quite taken seriously.The word is known by many people but not fully understood by the masses. The word being referred to is Feminism and it is phenomenon that has been around for years but has been spreading through people everywhere. Feminism is a movement created to help everyoneRead MoreFeminism And Its Effect On Society946 Words   |  4 Pagespatients diagnosed with AIDS were assumed to be gay. This ignorant perspective negatively branded the gay community, which caused homosexual men to feel as if they must repress their true selves in order to successfully function and fit into American society. A fact to be noted is that though Angels in America was written as a sort of advocacy for gay men, there is a clear presence of femininity that is important to discuss. Femininity is, by definition, the womanliness of something. This play challengesRead MoreFeminism : A Negative Effect On Society1608 Words   |  7 Pagesequality with men. They have been held back and their opportunities taken away from them because of the fact that they’re women. Feminism has had a profound negative effect in the past and is still having a negative effect in the high profile of modern society. Feminism is still as relevant today as it was when women were fighting for their right to vote. In modern society, women and men aren’t thought of equals, when compared to the strong, dominant male. Females are often thought of as inferior andRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectification. This paper reviews the research that has been done regarding the effect thatRead More Feminist Approaches to Social Work1641 Words   |  7 Pagessocial work in today’s society. It will first look at the different types of feminism that are present in society. It will then trace and highlight the emergence of feminism in society. This essay will then delve deeper into the different types of approaches that were taken on by feminists within the field of social work. It will discuss what effect these approaches had on society especially women. According to Hooks (2000) as cited in Considine and Dukelow (2009:141) â€Å"Feminism is a movement to endRead MoreThe Media Shape And Reinforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreLiberal Feminism vs. Radical Feminism Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesLiberal Feminism and Radical Feminism The goal of feminism as both a social movement and political movement is to make women and men equal not only culturally, but socially and legally. Even though there are various types of feminism that focus on different goals and issues, the ultimate end to feminism is abolishing gender inequality that has negative effects on women in our society. The issues and goals that a feminist may have are dependent on the social organization or the type of economicRead MoreInstitutions Project1702 Words   |  7 PagesFor a very long time in the U.S. society, women of color have suffered too much oppression and discrimination from in many forms including on racial, class, and gender grounds. They have been subordinated, experience restricted participation in existing social institutions, and structurally placed in roles that have limited opportunities. Their congregation includes African Americans, the Asian Americans, the Latinas and others. There case has been made even worse by the fact that being a weaker

Product Innovation Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Product Innovation Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: The current report explains the importance of performance management process in managing the employee relations, considering the case study of AGTECH Limited. The report describes the current appraisal process, followed by the firm. The present report has depicted the process, the organisational objectives can be linked to the assessment process of the AGTECH Limited. The study ends with providing strategic recommendations to improve the current appraisal process of AGTECH Limited.) An explanation of modern performance management procedures: Importance of performance management: A potential performance management system benefits three entities named as the organisation, leaders managers and the employees. It is a proven fact that an effective performance appraisal process helps an organisation to improve the efficiency and motivation of the workforce, which in turn, improves the overall productivity. Supporting to this fact, Sachau (2007) stated that effective performance appraisal system reduces team conflict and helps the manager to contribute productivity and innovations within the organisation. Also, a potential performance evaluation system provides the self-assessment opportunity to the employees, and it increases the accountability and commitment towards the job. Therefore, the overall job performance index increases. Failing to provide potential appraisal process might lead to employee dissatisfaction. Eventually, the core competency can get reduced. The similar fact has been observed in the firm AGTECH Limited, where, despite of having adequate employee strength, the company fails to meet the deadline of the delivery. The continuing delays are also reducing client satisfaction, and the company is meeting a potential loss as well. An in-depth analysis indicates that the section 13 of the Employment Agreement of AGTECH Limited fails to improvise an attractive performance appraisal system. Thus, it is high time for AGTECH Limited to modify the current performance evaluation system. A range of two models and approaches to staff appraisal systems, its advantage and disadvantages: Linking the performance with the set goals: Since the employment relation of AGTECH Limited has created a major issue, and the Employment Contract Act executes a major dispute, the firm has provided the flexibility to its employees opt for a self-appraisal process. The aim was to create a responsibility among the workers to link own performance with the set targets. However, Korzynski (2013) stated that the ruling of the Tribunal had imposed pressure on the employer to accommodate every staff a fair and equal appraisal process. Eventually, the process created a major hindrance with the operational attributes linking with the set KPIs. Finally, the firm has received a major issue with the employee appraisal process. 360-degree appraisal: The 360-degree appraisal has successfully satisfied the managers of the firm. After conducting the 360-degree appraisal process, the salary and other benefits of the managers have been increased. Also, the subsidised superannuation and other health benefits of the AGTECH Limited have also been found at par with the workforce demand. The right evaluation of the employee performance and its contribution to meet organisational objectives has enabled the firm appraising the employee in a moderate way. However, the issues generated from the self-appraisal process created a significant discrepancy in the motivational aspect of the workforce, which reflected upon the overall performance. Wei et al. (2012) also stated that the employees received a better appraisal was asked to receive one-off performance evaluation in the coming year. Again, it had created significant issues within the workforce and conflicts raised among respective departments. Element Linking the performance with the set goals 360 degree appraisal Advantage Accountability among the workforce was increased The missed review has helped the AGTECH Limited in providing an accurate assessment of the workforce Disadvantage Employees have become biased regarding the monetary increment process It was a complex process and created greater tension among the staffs. Table 1: Advantage and disadvantage of the current appraisal process (Source: Created by author) The manner in which appraisal systems may be linked to corporate objectives: After analysing the employee relationship issue of AGTECH Limited, the CEO needs to connect the appraisal system with an individual goal of the employees. The key performance indicator (KPI) also needs to be aligned with the overall purpose of the firm (Misiak, 2010). The linking of the current appraisal system with financial reward is unsatisfactory, which is creating a major demotivation among the workforce. Thus, after identification of the performance measures, the financial rewards needs to be set by the CEO so that each employee can be motivated. However, Korzynski (2013) stated that the lack of disciplinary measures and performance evaluation process might fail to establish a potential performance appraisal process. Thus, adequate training and development activity needs to be incorporated into the set goals of the workforce. The frequent performance evaluation and offering incentive scheme could help the firm aligning employee performance with the set individual targets. A recommendation as to what system you would consider suitable for AGTECH Limited: Employment of ranking methods: When it comes to appraising employees and the managers, the ranking process can be found most useful for the contemporary business organisations. According to Demirbas Yukhanaev (2011), the firm AGTECH Limited needs to recognise the comparison which involves a subjective evaluation to which the host of additional facts along with the impressions can be added. A pooled judgement can remove the biases of the managers and employees for the peers that occurs from the 360-degree appraisal. The complete blend of alternative ranking and paired comparison ranking could help AGTECH Limited, in offering a sound performance evaluation measures to its employees. Introducing graphical rating scale: The graphic rating scale could help AGTECH Limited assessing an employee on the quantity and quality of the delivered job. Eventually, the management could decide the degree of commitment and rank it as outstanding, average, above average or unsatisfactory. Artz (2008) also stated that the graphical rating scale helps the employer to identify the trait of the employee, reliability and overall cooperativeness as well. Thus, the approach could bring a good performance appraisal evaluation for the firm AGTECH Limited. Conclusion: The current report shows that the employee relation issues such as lack of potential appraisal, leave management issues, etc. is creating a significant performance threats for the management of AGTECH Limited. Thus, a potential KPI evaluation scheme is required to implement by the current CEO. Finally, the employment of ranking methods and graphical rating scale could improve the effectiveness of the appraisal process. Therefore, the employees can be motivated to potentially contribute to meet a long-term business goals. References: Artz, B. (2008) The role of firm size and performance pay in determining employee job satisfaction brief: Firm size, performance pay, and job satisfaction, Labour, 22(2), 315343 Demirbas, D., Yukhanaev, A. (2011) Independence of board of directors, employee relation and harmonisation of corporate governance, Employee Relations, 33(4), 444471 Korzynski, P. (2013) Employee motivation in new working environment, International Journal of Academic Research, 5(5), pp. 184188 Misiak, S. (2010) Ethical system for employee performance appraisal in practice, Economics Sociology, 3(2), 101113 Sachau, D.A. (2007) Resurrecting the motivation-hygiene theory: Herzberg and the positive psychology movement, Human Resource Development Review, 6(4), 377393 Wei, Y.S., Frankwick, G.L. Nguyen, B.H. (2012) Should firms consider employee input in reward system design? The effect of participation on market orientation and new product performance, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(4), 546558

Peltier Paper free essay sample

Paltrier Paper Leonard Paltrier was convicted for the death of two federal bureau of Investigation agents during a shootout on the pine ridge Indian reservation. Mr.. Paltrier served over 29 years in prison. This case happened on June 29, 1975 while two federal bureau of investigation agents In unmarked cars followed a red pick-up truck onto the Jumping ball ranch believing It was a man accused of kidnap and armed assault. Paltrier was there also because he was asked by people at pine ridge, South Dakota to support and protect the people being targeted for violence.The red Plock- p truck really contained peeler and two other American Indian movement members. When shots were heard, families became alarmed of the agents and stood In fear. Shots were heard and a shoot -out erupted. According to records there were more than 40 native American gun fights, but only three AIM (American Indian movement) members Bob Rideau, Darrell Butler, and Leonard Paltrier were brought to trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Peltier Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bob Rideau and Darrell butler were found non guilty in the participation on the shoot out because fear existed and could not be tied to the close ; range shooting.With Leonard paltrier, the united states presented the Canadian court with a letter signed by myrtle poor bear who said she was a girlfriend and saw him shoot the agents. Later myrtle said that the agents threatened her to sign. Also three teenagers testified against Mr.. Paltrier, and later admitted that federal bureau of investigation forced them to testify against paltrier. Then federal bureau of investigation ballistics testified that a casing found near the agents bodies matched the gun to paltrier however, later a ballistics test proved that it didnt come from liter. Unaware of all facts, the Jury claimed paltrier guilty. The Judge Benson just sentenced him for two consecutive life terms. The federal bureau of investigation has engaged in lying Just to keep Leonard paltrier in prison. They are also being bias because they cannot find out who really killed there agents so they claim false statements for the power they have and abuse that power. They were also being intimidating because they threatened all the members that testified against paltrier during the case.They know they dont have any evidence on paltrier but intention to be in denial. They know he deserves Justice and that he did not commit the crime. Leonard paltrier was actually charged without evidence and did not lustily his criminal sentence. Every person that testified had said it was by force by federal bureau of investigation agents. There were multiple people there at the scene but they only charged Leonard peeler. Also, Leonard peeler discovered new evidence through the freedom of Information act, he then wanted a new trial and the court had denied him a new trial.This case serves Injustice because the lack of evidence towards paltrier and denying him a trial knowing what they did was wrong. People may believe that because the agents were following peeler that he was the one who shot the federal bureau of Investigation agents but, there Is unclear evidence, denied him trial because they were In denial, and no one actually seen the killings making Leonard paltrier not guilty for the killings of the two agents. By Jacksonville 9 investigation agents during a shootout on the pine ridge Indian reservation. Mr.. Deader bureau of investigation agents in unmarked cars followed a red pick-up truck onto the Jumping ball ranch believing it was a man accused of kidnap and armed Dakota to support and protect the people being targeted for violence. The red pick- up truck really contained paltrier and two other American Indian movement members. When shots were heard, families became alarmed of the agents and stood in fear. Shoot out because fear existed and could not be tied to the close range shooting. paltrier. Unaware of all facts, the Jury claimed paltrier guilty. The Judge Benson Just paltrier during the case.

The Incentives and Aspects Affecting Work and Private Life

The Incentives and Aspects Affecting Work and Private Life Introduction The argument towards the topic in question will be strengthened by the use of motivation theories and examples. This will be done by analysing various incentives and aspects affecting work and private life. Motivation which is a major factor underlining productivity of employees within organisations can be used to balance the concept of work and private life (Daft and Murphy).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Incentives and Aspects Affecting Work and Private Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Performances usually depend on the nature of skill or training level attained by an individual within a specified duration of time. It involves subjecting employees to defined principles and intended goals based on organisation’s mission and vision statements. The goals and systems used for motivation are to conform to the organisation’s corporate policy (Dick and Ellis). Theories of motivation h ave been used to explain various individual actions, reactions and needs within organisations set-up (Scott and Davis 41-50). Main Body Topic 1: Payment as an important factor Balance between work and private life is important for healthy running of an organisation. According to Fredrick Taylor’s theory of scientific management, workers can only be motivated through payment. For efficiency purposes, employees have to be placed under close supervision since they do not naturally enjoy working. This calls for the development of process breakdown capable of defining different tasks performed by specific individuals (Jaffee 65-87). Fredrick Taylor argued that for perfection and productivity to be realized, there is need for adequately equipping employees through appropriate trainings (Sytse and Schreuder 161-191). The theory is very instrumental in the aspect of delegation and at the same time provides concepts on how organisations can maximize on employees potential to realize h igh productivity at reduced costs. Management of employees stress is vital in every organisation since it assists employees in managing occurrence of unexpected events at workplace. Majority of employees work out of fear of losing their current positions, and this may at times lead to distortion of personal livelihood (Frey and Osterloh).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Topic 2: Social needs Healthy environment at the workplace depends on the nature of focus given to employees social needs according to Mayo’s theory. The theory places much emphasis on empathy, where managers and junior employees are to portray healthy relationship. There is always dire need for healthy relationships within various working environments (Fionna; Jo Hatch andCunliffe 156-274). Good relationships can be realized through teamwork and efficient communication (Yukl 284-314). Topic 3: Psychological needs Work and private life incorporate taking care of employees’ psychological needs. This is in line with Maslows theory that focuses on the existence of five levels of human needs which require satisfaction. Within this context, the theory argues that unless one need is fully met, there are high chances of employees becoming demotivated towards progress. In this regard, there is a need to offer incentives to individual employees within organisations for the purposes of fulfilling their intended needs. However, because of differences in rank within various workplaces, the hierarchy dictates on the kind of incentive offered to the individuals (Child 156-274). Conclusion Generally, work has a great influence on individual health since people are able to earn a living out of salaried employment. However, employment has both its advantages and disadvantages since besides earning a salary, there is some percentage of stress involved due to time and energy requir ed. This calls for need of balancing work with emotional and physical health since they form essential part of productivity. Child, John. Payment Systems, Organization Contemporary Principles and Practice, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Print. Daft, Richard, and J. Murphy. Organization Theory and design, South Western; Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Incentives and Aspects Affecting Work and Private Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dick, Penny and S. Ellis. Introduction to Organizational Behaviour, 3rd edition, London: McGraw Hill Education. 2006. Print. Fionna, Wilson. What Managers Do – Leadership; Organizational Behaviour and Work, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Frey, Bruno, and M. Osterloh. Succesful Management by Motivation Balancing Intrinsic  and Extrinsic Motivation, Berlin: Springer, 2002. Print. Jaffee, David. Human Relations and H uman Resources, New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2001. Print. Jo Hatch, Mary, and A. Cunliffe. Organizational Culture; Modern, symbolic and  postmodern perspectives, (2nd edition), New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Scott, Richard, and G. Davis. Classical Organization Theory; Rational, And Open  System Perspectives. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2007. Print. Sytse, Douma, and H. Schreuder. Transaction Cost Economics; Economic Approaches  to Organizations, New Jersey, FT Prentice Hall: Pearson Education, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yukl, Gary. Leading Change in Organizations. Leadership in Organizations, (6thEdition), New Jersey: Pearson, 2006. New Jersey

Advantages and Disadvantages of Activity Based Management on the Exama Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Activity Based Management on the Example of Profitability of Galvanized Pallet Nails - Essay Example The cost was $420000 and cost driver volume of $110000. The cost per driver was (420000/110000) = 3.82. The units consumed 2817 hence the total cost apportioned was (3.82*2817) = 10755.82. Depreciation galvanizer was a cost pool with ton galvanized as the cost driver. The cost pool was $623000, the cost driver volume 45000. The cost per driver volume (623000/45000) = 13.84. The units consumed were 2817. Cost apportioned (13.84*2817) = 38999.8 Depreciation of heading and threading cost pool had the cost of $57500 with a cost driver volume of 2817. The cost per volume was ($57500/2817) = 20.41. The number of units consumed is 2817. The total cost apportioned (20.41*2817) = 57500. The material handling had a number of moves as the cost driver. The cost incurred was $350000 and cost volume of 4500. The cost per driver volume (350000/4500) = 77.78. The units consumed was 21 leading to the total cost amounting to (77.78*21) = 1633.33. Dies retooling was cost pool that had tool shops hours cost driver. The cost incurred was $382000 with cost volume of 3300. The cost per volume (382000/3300) = 115.76. The numbers of units consumed were 13. The total cost apportioned was (115.76*13) = 1504.85. Wire drawing changeovers had a number of changeovers cost drivers. The cost was $272000 with 700 cost driver volume. The cost per driver volume was ($272000/700) = 388.57. The units consumed were 2 leading to a total cost apportioned to be (388.57*2) = 777.14. A quality inspection had the number of inspections as the cost driver. The cost of inspection incurred was $420000 with a cost driver volume of 1000. The cost per driver was computed as (420000/1000) = 420. The units consumed were 4 hence the total cost apportioned was (420*4) = 1680. Order processing had the number of orders as the cost driver. The cost incurred was $143000 with cost volume of 3000. The cost per driver was (143000/3000) = 47.67.  

Analysis of Hiibel Vs. Nevada Case Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Hiibel Vs. Nevada Case - Term Paper Example In Hiibel vs. Nevada, the court held that the stop and identify laws of Nevada does not violate the Fourth and Fifth Amendment of the constitution, which protects a person against detention or when a person faces the threat of being apprehended (Hibbel v. Nevada†¦). Thus the majority of the court supported the fact that stopping a person and asking for identity did not violate the Fourth and Fifth Amendment when circumstances showed that there is a probable cause to believe that the accused may have committed a crime and the accused was not in danger of being apprehended by disclosing his identity. The dissent showed that some judges opined otherwise. In Terry vs. Ohio, the court held that police officers can stop and search a person even when there is no probable cause and there is reasonable suspicion. In such case, the search won’t violate the Fourth Amendment. Whereas, in Brown vs. Texas it was held that Texas’s stop and identify law was unconstitutional as it violated the Fourth Amendment. Though, Brown vs. Texas seems to be going against the decision of the previous two cases but it is actually not so. The Texas law declared every person a criminal who does not identify himself. It does not exclude the person against whom there is no reasonable suspicion or probable cause, and this makes it unconstitutional. On the other hand, Hiibel vs. Nevada and Terry vs. Ohio had probable cause and reasonable cause respectively. Thus, the law derived through the dissent is, when there is probable cause and reasonable cause the application of stop and identify laws by the officer will be absolutely legal and when it not the re it will be illegal. The dissent also makes it clear that on the same condition the stop and identify laws of the state will be valid or invalid.

Grade 10 English True Believe Essay Essay Example for Free

Grade 10 English True Believe Essay Essay What is it about romance novels that seems to rein people in? Is it their happy endings? Or maybe their perfectly portrayed characters. Quite possibly a bit of both. Romance novels are popular throughout the world, and anyone that knows romance knows Nicholas Sparks always does a great job portraying the genre in his novels. Nicholas Sparks develops the romance genre within his novel True Believer by incorporating all the key elements of romance. The genre of Romantic Fiction has two strict criteria: The first is that the story must focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people. Secondly, the end of the story must be positive, leaving the reader believing the protagonists’ love and relationship will endure for the rest of their lives. The plot line must be substantial enough for the reader to maintain interest from chapter to chapter. (SB FMAA) A very intriguing part of the novel True Believer is how perfect the characters in the novel seem. Within a romance novel, the characters must be portrayed perfectly. The physical descriptions of characters within the novel are usually cliche and stereotypical. With his dark, wavy hair, light blue eyes, and fashionable stubble, he looked every bit the New Yorker that he was (NS 1). Lead men are shown to be handsome and perfect to draw the reader in. Characters are always portrayed with predictable personalities. You know, you really shouldn’t stare, women like a man that can be subtle (NS 49). Women are shown to be mysterious and bold, drawing the lead man in, grabbing the readers attention. True Believer shows many examples of different types of relationships. Relationships are a subject that most people compare and relate to their own lives. Within a romance novel, relationships are understandably a very important part. Romance novels sometimes include unrealistic relationships such as love at first sight. After the first time he saw her, he found it harder to let the woman’s image drift from his mind (NS 114). Love is then sprouted from the first look. Romance novels also include the main relationship being driven apart, which usually tends to be the climactic part of the novel. Please don’t ruin this for me, okay? (NS 244). The main relationship is always torn apart so that the main characters may reconcile, and this will then lead into the story’s happy ending. In the novel True Believer detailed language is used as a tool to rein in the reader. Boring, dull, lifeless language doesn’t capture the attention of a reader, therefore language is a very important and effective tool in grabbing and keeping the reader’s attention. Descriptive language is often used in romance novels. In a restored, turn-of-the-century, peach coloured Victorian (NS 40). Such language is used to keep the readers attention throughout the novel. Predictable language is also used throughout a romance novel. Wrap around porches decorated with hanging flower pots and American flags (NS 39). This gives a reader the stereotype image of what houses in a small town in America look like. This is done to relate the reader to the novel by understanding. Romance novels contain many unique characteristics. The genre of Romantic Fiction has two strict criteria: The first is that the story must focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people. Secondly, the end of the story must be positive, leaving the reader believing the protagonists’ love and relationship with endure for the rest of their lives. Nicholas Sparks brilliantly incorporates all characteristics into his novel True Believer from cliche personalities and romantic relationships to one big, happy ending, making his novel True Believer a great example of a romantic novel.

Persian Empire :: essays research papers

I am here today to talk to you about the Persian Empire. One of the reasons I chose this topic is that I am Persian myself. Another reason for me choosing this topic is that there is a large Persian community in Lower Mainland. Moving along, Persian Empire was founded around 548 BC. It was the first largest empire stretching from Atlantic Ocean, Morocco, to Indus River, India. The Persian Empire is most famous for its tolerance over other religions and races and the first people to write the Charter of Human Rights. They also invented coins, roads, postal system, and many more innovations. Furthermore, one of the best innovations, the Persian Empire invented was canal building. They built canals for various reasons: to have drinkable water, to water farms, and to dispose wastes. However, their greatest innovation came around in 525 BC. Now I ask you a question, where and when the Suez Canal was constructed? The Suez Canal lies between Middle East and Egypt and it was completed in 1869. But when European engineers were in the middle of constructing the canal they found a statue with some writing on it which said, â€Å"I, Darius the Great, King of Persia, King of Kings, King of the World, commanded my men to build a canal so that the East and West can easily trade with each other.† They constructed the canal around 525 BC but years later when the Persian Empire was gone, the climate changed therefore the canal was destroyed. This will always be remembered as the greatest innovation of Persian Empire. Moreover, their postal system was also famous because a mail could be delivered from one end of empire to the other end of empire in 12 days.

Atonement film essay

In the film, the perspective someone has on various events are shown to greatly contrast. An example of this Is an argument between two of the film's key characters, Cecilia and Robbie, at the beginning of the film. This argument is in fact shown twice in a row, once through the perspective of Celeriac's younger sister Bryony, and again close to the action. In Britons view, she observes through an upstairs window of their manor house an argument that she perceives to be full of sexual tension. She can hear none of what is being said, apart from Robbie sharply shouting â€Å"wait! â€Å".Her Inability to fully understand the argument meant that the little she could see, led to her making lady inaccurate conclusions as to what the argument was about. She assumes Robbie shouting is out of anger, and that the tension between Robbie and Cecilia is solely imposed by him. This is shown to be wrong when the scene is shown a second time, with this time showing that the argument was over som ething trivial, and the sexual tension was triggered by both Cecilia and Robbie. Because she had a skewed perspective, Bryony gets an Idea that causes many problems later In the film.By using these differing perspectives, Wright therefore forces us to consider what we are and rent shown in other films of the same genre. In most love stories, conflicts arise (and are resolved) in the course of the film. In his film, however, Wright shows how inaccurate having a single perspective on a conflict can be, making us doubt the truth in other stories. It is also a reflection on the real world application of perspective. Wright literally shows us that â€Å"there are two sides to every story†, and how the differences between them can define not only a film, but a life.Wright also uses time to expand on what is shown In his film. Unlike typical love stones In which a happily ever after is reached in not only the two hours of the film, but the limited amount of time the characters in th e film experience, Wright makes his characters live out their whole lives before the camera. The film begins in 1935 when Bryony is 13. She is shown at two other ages, at both 18 and 77, meaning the story we are told is 64 years long. This means that the characters' whole lives pass, and through this we can see their relationships develop and change over a large amount of time.As a result of a lie she told at age 13, Bryony spends her whole life trying to atone for the damage it as done, and by being able to see how she is still trying to atone for her actions 64 years after the fact means that we can truly understand the consequences of even small actions. This time-twist on the traditional â€Å"butterfly effect† mean that we see exactly what effects her actions have not only on herself, but on the people around her. Two such people are Robbie and Cecilia. The theme of love between them Is years long like Britons is.This is because one of the effects of her lie was their de aths, only months apart from each other, 5 years after the lie was told. However, ring these 5 years we are able to see the ups, downs, twists and turns of their aging love. In doing so, Wright makes their relationship more realistic than what is typical in romantic films. The usual structure involves one, maybe two obstacles to be overcome before reaching resolution and a happy ending. Robbie and Cecilia, however, are faced with unending hardship and a lot of time apart.The increased length of relationship time we are shown results in the audience being more able to compare the film to their own lives. Real relationships are never finished. They intention, whether interrupted or not, until one or both parties are no longer committed. Robbie and Cecilia remained committed to each other up to their deaths, and by showing how they stood the test of time despite adversities, Wright reflects on the need for commitment and patience in relation to the constant growth of real relationships .This truthfulness in Wright's portrayal of relationships is extended by the lack of a true happy ending in the film. Love stories are watched because a happy ending is guaranteed. The lack of such assurance in real life means people crave some sort of promise that true happiness is a real possibility. By watching characters on a screen have (or earn) their happy ending we allow ourselves to doubt the possible disappointment and cruelty life could offer. In Wright's film, however, he plays with this idea.The film's two lovers, Cecilia and Robbie, are not allowed a happy ending. They die apart and alone before they can have their happiness, denied the happy ending we have learnt to expect. This is initially shocking to the audience, with Wright delivering their endings abruptly, and without apology. But it is this very shock factor that sets this film apart. If the film were to have a happy ending, t would have nowhere near the same effect on the audience.Instead of being content and satisfied, we are shocked, saddened, and, ultimately, challenged by Wright to not rely on a happy ending falling into place, but to make our own happiness. The film Atonement directed by Joe Wright refreshes a traditional love story with interesting twists and conventions. By playing around with perspective, time and the idea of happy endings, Wright not only made an interesting and challenging film, but also challenges traditional genre conventions. In doing so, his film is new and refreshing, despite being a typical love story at heart.

Changing Workplace And Workforce Expectations Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5083 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The key objective of this literature review is to provide a general survey of relevant theories, academic approaches, available studies and analysis on forecasted shifts in science, technology, communications, geopolitics, and economics between today and 2030 and the impact these factors will have on corporate workforce, employment models and the role of a leader in organization and leadership competencies. The horizon line for strategic planning and forecasts in most cases typically ranges from three months to five years. Trying to imagine what the world of business will be like 20 years from now is a challenging and noble goal but a researcher is exposed to several risks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Changing Workplace And Workforce Expectations Business Essay" essay for you Create order One of them is to be too futuristic and end up with a science fiction which would have a little correspondence to the objective reality. The importance of the literature search is to avoid this trap and ground the dissertation on realistic, reliable and reasonable facts and evidences. It will also support the designing of research methodology and developing relevant questionnaire for conducting interviews with IBM and non IBM top management and executives. The scope of literature research The business is entering a new era in history undergoing serious changes caused by globalization, economic rise of new regions, dramatic shifts in demographics, science, technology, communications and geopolitics. The research community and leading multinational companies have already embarked on a series of forward-looking discussions to consider the macro trends driving business change in the decades to come, and the implications that will result for business and leaders who will drive the future success. The forecasts and researches done in this area cover such topics as: changing world changing workplace and workforce expectations new employment models and employee engagement instruments that would help business navigate in the future potential leadership styles needed in an organization with new and emerging employment relationships roles and accountabilities a leader of the future will have and potential challenges the leader need to be prepared for The Changing World There are many factors in the environment that affect the organizations and the decisions of the leaders of each organization. Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) argue that the world out there influences the world in there (Figure 1). Internal organization structures, processes and behaviors Lead to External environment factor, trends and developments change in Figure 1 The external environment external environment organization link There are different environmental scanning techniques to analyze the changing external environment. To build the vision of the future and understand the big picture of the macro-environmental influences PESTLE analysis concept (Figure 2) will be used. A PESTLE analysis is often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is happening outside that will at some point affect what is happening inside an organization (CIPD, 2010). Figure 1. PESTLE Analysis Political factors Most of the researchers agree that by 2025 there will be a global multi-polar system with rise of China, India and some others. Power will be more dispersed with the newer players bringing new rules of the game while risks will increase that the traditional Western alliances will weaken (Global Trends 2025: Transformed World, 2008). USA will remain the provider of global security (FreeWorldAcademy, 2005) but will have to share the power with other new players. Researches expect China becomes a democratic country in 2030 and gain more political power. Some experts also expect greater Asian regionalism by 2025, which may lead to establishment of new quasi-blocks: North America, Europe and East Asia and new wave of political and economical competition (Global Trends 2025: Transformed World, 2008). The potential for conflict and instability is expected to increase in Middle East and North Africa. At the same time McKinsey Global Institute predicts the acceleration of Africas growth where government actions will manage to end political conflicts and improve business climate (McKinsey Global Institute, 2010). Its also expected that global negotiations between regional blocks and national governments on major issues for the planet, such as biodiversity, natural resources, energy policy and trade regulation will increase and possible result in establishment of new alliances and communities. Driven by higher world population, competition for natural resources, pollution levels Green will become fundamental geo-political and business imperative for the planet. Economic factors GLOBALISATION By 2030 the world will become flatter with an expanded base of financial power where barriers to the flow of goods, capital or knowledge will be almost removed (A View of the World in 2030, ACCA, 2010) which will more regulation on a global level. Its also expected that the global power will shift to emerging markets. This statement confirms Goldman Sachs Group Inc . that the market value of emerging-market stocks may grow more to $80 trillion in two decades, overtaking developed nations, as China becomes the worlds largest stock market (Bloomberg, 2010). Multiple centers of economic power will be distributed around the globe and organizations/countries will need to be culturally adaptable to compete in global markets Figure 2. demonstrates forecasted transition of GDP by 2030. Figure 2. Transition of GDP 2030 (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2010) The transfer of global wealth and economic power roughly from West to East, is the most discussable topic in most of the reports and forecasts. This shift can be explained by several reasons : increases in oil and commodity prices generated big profits for the Gulf states and Russia lower costs combined with government policies have shifted the focus of manufacturing and some service industries to Asia power will shift to the places with political and economic stability (Gl obal Trends 2025, 2008) The world GNI will also undergo the evolution and regional repartition. As indicated on Figure 3. it is expected to reach 94,290 $Billion in 2030 comparing to 39,305 $Billion in 2004. 2004 2030 World GNI 39,305 94,290 Population 6,480 8,200 World income per capita 6,065 11,500 Figure 3. World GNI 2004 2030 (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2010) This economic trend implies an average growth rate of 3.4% over 26 years. Compared to the population growth rate 1%, it means that the world income per capita will increase by 2.4% per year over the period Asia becomes a strong visible player in the regional GNI repartition (Figure 4). Figure 4. Evolution of the main economic zone in % of the world GNI (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2010) Asias emerging consumers are likely to assume the traditional role of the US and European middle classes as global consumers, and to play a key role in rebalancing the worlds economy. Estimated $4.3 trillion in annual expenditures in 2008 becomes $32 trillion in 2030 and comprise about 43% of worldwide consumption (2030 GDP Forecast, Future growth of Asian Countries, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, 2010) S everal researches and reports expect the rising BRIC powers which might collectively generate the original G-7s share of global GDP by 2040-2050 (Global Trends 2025, 2008). Meanwhile other sources suggest that new business opportunities will significantly rise in so-called BIICS-Brazil, India, Indonesia, China, and South Africa-shaping up to be business hot spots for many years to come (Working Beyond Borders: Insights from the Global Chief Human Resources Officer Study, IBM, 2010). But the truly new business frontier is named Africa where a group of countries already demonstrated ability to improve macroeconomic conditions, privatised state-owned enterprises, increased openness of trade and lowered corporate taxes, strengthened regulatory and legal systems, provided critical physical and social infrastructure(McKinsey Global Institute, 2010). The rate of return on foreign investment is currently higher than in any other developing region. These factors make this region very attr active for further business development and investments. According to Paul Nunes, Executive Research Fellow at the Accenture Institute for High Performance: Businesses not planning and acting now [to get into Africa] will miss the boat as many did when it came to China. Researchers forecast the standards of living will have risen by 2030. Number of high income people will increase by 8%, number of low income will decrease by 14% but inequalities will remain (Global Trends 2025, 2008). In essence, the economic world will look different than the world today. There will be multiple centers of economic powers, new players will mount the economic and political scene creating new business opportunities, overall, globalized and multi-polar world which will require organizations to re-think their strategies and re-shape their businesses to take full advantage of new opportunities and prosper. Social factors The next 20 years will be characterized by serious and inevitable demog raphic changes and shifts and their economic, political and social impacts will be enormous. Researchers highlight key demographics marked trends of years to come. World population will increase to 8.2 billion by 2030 with the largest increase projected in Asia and Africa and less than 3% will occur in Europe, USA, Canada, Japan (Global Trends 2025, 2008) Figure.. Population shifts will continue Africa will have the worlds largest working-age population. In 2008 the continent had more than 500 million working-age people and by 2040 its forecasted to exceed 1.1 bln (Figure, 6). Its an open question whether Africa will be able to educate its workforce to make it serious engine for business world. Figure 6. Working-age population 1950-2040 (McKinsey Global Institute, 2010) Longevity will increase significantly almost everywhere and the number of people aged 80 years or over will grow (Figure). Coming decades will be defined by the largest demographic group ever seen. By 2030 at least 3 generations having different mindset, background, expectations and attitudes will meet together in one society and work together for the same employers. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division people will be more individualistic and will forge lifestyles based on their own needs rather than social expectations norm will be to work much of the time from home or in small community hubs to avoid carbon costs and charge of lenghthy commutes more people will work as freelancers and neo-nomads expecting more autonomy and freedom power will shift where there is political and economic stability Technological factors Most of researchers emphasize the role of technology in fostering the innovation and bringing about change. Technology will be all-prevasive and universal serving as a key driver for economic and social shifts. L. Gratton (2011) suggests that technology will influence workforce and workplace in many ways the way people communicate wit h each other, their expectations and even their views on morality and human nature The internet Cloud will deliver low-cost computing services and enable the shift from working as an isolated individual to working collaboratively in a joined world regardless country and time zone of staying (McKinsey and Company, 2010). People across the world will be able to access enormous information including digitalized knowledge. Increased capacity to combine and connect know-how, share knowledge, information and best practices spending significantly less time to send and receive information will lead to people being more interconnected, united by new communities and networks (IBM, 2010). More than 5 bln people will be connected to mobile services (The Economist, 2011) and overall speed of live will rise. The other change which is expected to influence the workforce is massive crowd of computers replacing people in a number of jobs. Forcing the economic growth and social transformation t echnology will continue to reshape consumer needs, requirements, access to information, choice and interactivity models and demand companies to tap the power of technology to improve their competitive advantage (McKinsey and Company, 2010). Legislative factors The expected changes to happen in the world will place a pressure on labor regulation to force their activities in accommodating a networked, open and competitive world. The worldwide focus on growth will require companies to fundamentally rethink how they manage human resources and overcome barriers. Based on IBM 2010 Global CHRO Study, emerging ways of attracting talent like outsourcing, crowdsourcing, use of freelancers, bringing back retired workers which will assume ever greater importance and necessity to mange new forms of employments will require governments not only to develop new labor regulations but also modern information security norms and standards. The highest standards of corporate citizenship will be re quired by talent, by governments, by the media. There may not be world law in the foreseeable future, but the worlds legal systems will be networked. The Global Legal Information Network (GLIN), a database of local and national laws for more than 50 participating countries, will grow to include more than 100 counties by 2010. The database will lay the groundwork for a more universal understanding of the diversity of laws between nations and will create new opportunities for peace and international partnership. -Joseph N. Pelton, Toward a Global Rule of Law: A Practical Step Toward World Peace, Nov-Dec 2007, p. 25 Environmental There is a significant pressure to expect by 2030 driven by significant growth in world economy and population and rising aspirations for better standards living. As describe by OECD (Environmental Outlook to 2030, 2008) there are several key environmental challenges the humanity will have to deal with: climate change, biodiversity and renewable natu ral resources, water, air quality, waste management. To respond to these challenges governments will have to take the responsibility and proactively start developing a serious of actions to protect the environment. Business and consumers will play a key role to help prevent future environment problems. Its obvious that Green will become fundamental geo-political and business imperative for the planet. Changing workplace and workforce expectations Emery and Trist (1965) developed a typology describing four types of environment in which organizations operate and identified the appropriate organizational response. Environmental analysis with PESTLE demonstrates that the organizations 2030 will deal with high dynamism and high complexity pressures from outside. The organizational responses recommended by Emery and Trist (1965) for such environment types are developing fluid organization structures, flexible managers and staff at other levels. Duncan (1979) argues that what real ly matters is only the management perception. If management does not perceive the environment as turbulent the organizational response will not be as described. Anyway the reality out there has to be observed, studied, analyzed and reacted in an appropriate manner to stay successful (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). Being under pressure of future challenges which come from globalization, new era of technologies, social and demographic changes organizations will have to adapt their internal structures, processes, strategies and leader behaviors to enable them to deal effectively with external changes. Many factors that define the workplace 2030 have already become evident alerting the organizations that the time has come to start preparing today for the challenges of tomorrow. PriceWaterHouseCoopers (2010) forecasts three worlds and business models for the future (Figure) This picture of life in tomorrow combines the events and trends which will shape the future and PwC suggests all 3 worlds can co-exist in some form distinct by geographic principle or industry sector. Researchers expect the following key trends to shape the workplace and workforce 2030: Talent will be worldwide. Social networks and future technology will increase the capability for talent to network and for companies to access talent globally and 24/7. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and other social networking sites will become ordinary recruiting sources. As social recruiting spreads from few trendsetters to all the rest companies worldwide it be essential for both employees and employers to develop new set of skills to be successful in this way (The 2020 workplace, J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010). But its also expected the War for Smart Talent (www.globalfuturist.com) to be continued and probably even become sharper. There is a serious mismatch between the types of individuals available for work and specific skills employers are looking for (Manpower Talent Shortage Survey 2009). Exper ienced candidates who possess the required skills will be heavily demanded by the organizations worldwide. Given the increasing collaboration and growing importance of teamwork companies will consider entire teams hiring as a competitive solution to the business problem (IBM CHRO Study 2010). Skills will be specialized. Cost reductions will be an essential part of business imperatives 2020 2030 leading to the dominance of knowledge -intensive work which will require an increasingly complex set of skills. Less generalist, more in-depth mastery of specialist skills will be required. PwC in the Future of work 2020 (2010) predicts that specialization will be highly prized in each of the 3 worlds (Figure ) and employees will do their best to develop the most sought after professional skills. An increased attention by the companies will be paid to soft skills as well like problem-solving, project management and collaboration (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2010). Source: McKinsey Glo bal Survey results Five forces reshaping the global economy (Based on online survey, in the field in March 2010) Another challenge the companies are expected to face in the future is multigenerational and increasingly diverse workforce. By 2030 3 or even 4 generations will have to collaborate together in one business environment having different mindset, background, expectations and live values. Most of the Baby Boomers cohort representatives who are now holding many CxO positions will have retired, taking with them lots of knowledge, experience and valuable expertise. It will force the companies to elaborate on ways how to retain the knowledge within the organizations developing new employment structures for soon-to-be retiring people (L. Gratton 2011). Or what we call retirement now will no longer have a traditional meaning? In terms of their characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes, Boomers were the most populous and influential generation of all. They have defined themselv es by their careers and many are workaholics. Their work is seen as a form of self-fulfillment, status, and proving themselves, i.e., job titles matter. They have crowded into cultural careers such as teaching, religion, journalism, marketing, and the arts. Team orientation is valued. They are anticipated to work longer and harder (Eisner, 2005; Koco, 2006). They are very concerned about health and energy, looking for the sources to stay young, strong and active. Generation X will be in their mid-60s by 2030. They grew up in the time of economic uncertainty under the pressure of political and economic instability. Many wage and job opportunities for young workers were limited until the economic boom of mid-1990s. (Eisner, 2005; Lager, 2006). Success has been less certain for this generation. They do not believe in positive future time, energy, and relationships for advancement like the Boomers did. They have an economic and psychological survivor mentality and consider hard work as necessity. They had to compete in a weak global economy. Diversity and thinking globally are core values of Gen Xers (Cranston, 2008; Francese, 2004; Ritson, 2007). The core driving business force by 2025 2030 will be generation Y aged 35 45. They witnessed the fast technological evolution with the Internet, Google, eBay, cell phones, PDAs, GPS becoming an admirable part of their lives. Integral parts of their lives is globalization, global citizens, working beyond fiscal boundaries (Hawkins, et al., 2010; Cranston, 2008; Eisner, 2005; Dietz, 2003; Gerritsen, 2008). Most of Gen Y has a strong sense of autonomy and independence, quite adaptable and comfortable in different situations. With blogging, YouTube, MySpace, Facebook, and Twitter anyone can become a reporter, producer, or social advisor. Social networking is a key distinction for this generation (Dickey and Sullivan, 2007; Donnelly, 2008). Gen Y demonstrates an entrepreneurial outlook and is more work/life balance oriented and less committed to an employer than previous generations but demonstrates high commitment when dedicated to a capturing idea. It has been observed the this generations vales life styles, career development and overseas travel and may be the most adaptable yet in terms of technological skills and values intrinsic aspects of work such as mentoring and training in order to remain marketable (Cennamo Gardner, 2008) They expect flexibility in work hours, dress code, relaxed work environment, recognition for smallest effort and constant feedback and value opportunity to downshift to reach a holistic self-understanding and satisfying meaning in life (IBM, 2011). Generation Z also called the connected generation, digital natives, the net generation (Future of work, 2012) is the newest generation and its hard to say now how they will develop as a generational cohort. By 2030 Gen Z will be taking an increasing role in society and business life. But what is known that they will grow up in fluenced by the factors described above in PESTLE. That is supposed to be a global and diverse generation. The technological progress and next generation of social networking sites makes it possible to build online communities that are more like someones closest group of friends. (Labi, 2008b; Soltan, 2004). PwC research (2011) revealed that Gen Z will be similar to Gen Y in their expectations. But some features will be even more vivid manifested like desire for work/life balance, rapid career progression, less concern about working hours, high interest in new projects and less commitment to one employer. According to D. Tapscott (2008) Net Geners: Want freedom in everything they do Love to customize and personalize their experience Want to find entertainment in their work Are focused on collaboration and relationship building Have a need for speed They will be living in the world where equality and diversity become a societal norm. Finally, theyre going to be smar t smarter even than previous generations. Their ability to process massive amounts of information quickly is actually preparing them to perform more mentally demanding jobs. In effect, an entire generation is training itself to handle more complicated tasks (IBM, 2011). Influenced by expected demographical changes described above organizations in Europe, North America, Canada will face the decline of Caucasian workers and increase of non-Caucasian. It is projected to double from 18% to 17% (The 2020 Workplace, J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010) While people managers are trained to deal with many forms of diversity, they will have to be prepared to manage workforce with greater diversity in age, gender and ethnicity. Social networks and virtual workspace. The rapid expansion of the digital universe and advancement in communication technologies will lead to the new meaning of being at work and create new ways on how people communicate with each other. Today for a number of jobs it is no longer needed for people to be physically located in the office to successfully perform job responsibilities and by 2030 it is forecasted most of the employers where the business allows will completely relieve their employees from working 9 to 5 office hours (Hewitt Associates, 2008). People will be free to decide where and how to organize their workplace. But Hewitt also emphasize that this capability can bring some employees new level of work/life balance satisfaction and for others its fostering workaholic tendency leading to lousy employees: tired, depressed, mistake prone, resentful, and eventually burned out (C. Salter, Solving the Real Productivity Crisis, Fast Company, January 2004). Virtual coworking will shape the future workplace. Worker s from around the globe of different nations, professions, jobs, social status will be united together by many discussion forums, news groups, and virtual communities making many barriers of the past obsolete. Rapidly developing Cloud technology will make services, applications and resources accessible from any device, anywhere, any time, and if charged pay only for what they use during the time they are using it Through unprecedented access to virtual space the world of knowledge will be digitalized and enriched significantly by user-generated content (L.Gratton, 2010). Approximately 500ÂÂ  000 new users are creating every day online profiles and maintaining them on a social network (IBM 2011) and researchers forecast this number to grow over the next decades. The future workplace will look like a place where people collaborate extensively, exchange ideas, and share knowledge. The value of an employee will be determined not only by results achieved but also by how much you contribute your expertise and knowledge back to the organization (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). The expected growth in virtual-based content will impact many organizational parts from changing corporate culture and standards of how people share knowledge and communicate with each other to the ways, policies and norms of how companys management deals with security and privacy of this explosion of the digital content. The current workforce lifecycle has outlived its meaning. In the organizations of future individual careers are not based on relative or hierarchical moves but rather on reputational progress. Rather, people will choose the pace and direction of this progression according to their reputation and their own personal goals. Alternative careers will enable individuals to work and contribute throughout their entire lives and well beyond the traditional retirement age. In fact, the notions of retirement and retiree will be removed from our vocabulary since careers are based on the choices that each individual makes and not on the concept of seniority C. Benko and A. Molly introduced the concept of corporate lattice. In the new business world with heterogeneity of backgrounds, personal circumstances, expectations and aspirations it recognizes that career and life are no longer separate spheres but are now interdependent. This concept is expected to be a robust response to multiple changes organizations will face allowing to connect both high performance and career-life fit. Figure below describes how lattice thinking differs from ladder thinking. (C. Benko and A. Molly, The corporate lattice, ). The lattice structures an employees career path as multidirectional with opportunity to move across and down and up ensuring engagement of a diverse workforce driven mainly by desire to work for to be working with the best company, on the best projects, for the best clients, and with the best talent and team members. Source: Deloitte Development LLC, The Corporate Lattice (2010). IBM analysts (2010) elaborated and continued this concept by the next level of organizational development which can be expected by 2030 (Figure). Self-directed global-citizens will be managing their careers in a cube without limiting it to the frames of one organization. To succeed in the lattice-based organizations reputation will gain new meaning. This is the sum total of personal brand, expertise, number of successfully completed projects, r atings given by employers, breadth and depth of social networks, etc (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). Individuals with a poor or low profile or reputation would ultimately diminish their personal brand and consequently have more difficulty securing opportunities and maintaining their labor rate against others. new employment models and employee engagement instruments that would help business navigate in the future Employee engagement is defined differently by different organizations and researchers. Here are just some of them: Corporate Leadership Council define Engagement as The extent to which employees commit to something or someone in their organization, how hard they work and how long they stay as a result of that commitment. The Gallup Organization argues that employee engagement is the involvement with and enthusiasm for work. When Hewitt Associates thinks engagement is the state of emotional and intellectual commitment to an organization or group producing behavior that will help fulfill an organizations promises to customers and improve business results. But all these definitions have a common base which is employee satisfaction with their work and ability and desire to go the extra mile and demonstrate outstanding on the job performance. Many things will be changing around and inside the organizations of the future but for the sake of sustainability employers will have to creat e a workplace where employees can build a personal and emotional relationship to the employer brand (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, The 2020 workplace, 2010). Basic human nature has not changed Basic human nature has not changed in 1000s of years and will remain in the future (R.J. Vance, SHRM Foundation, 2006): We want to be better: There is a competitive drive to be more competent and more capable We are social people: We are hard-wired to be part of a group We are meaning-seeking people: We want to make a difference Several sociologists who deal with generations and demographics researches suggest future generations particularly generations Y and Z will place greater importance on feedback, collaboration, self-fulfillment, meaningful contributions, skills advancement, respect, mentoring. The future workplace engagement model (J. Meister, K. Willyerd, 2010) covers the key principles that the future workplace must embody. The essential component is values which would be aligned across the generations and strong brand that employees identify with. . Meister, K. Willyerd (2010) argue there are different areas that contribute to the engagement but the model demonstrates the most important once: recruiting, employee connection, learning and leadership. These practice areas would be realized by organizations based on key principles: Collaboration: in the future external collaboration will grow exponentially Authenticity: key component is transparency through social media (open financial books, employees blogging, collective wikis, etc) but also in the relationship area. Individuals will be provided with instant reactions and feedback. This feedback is given or received in real-time, transparent to all, to and from peers, clients, and the community. This works to strengthen or diminish reputations, acting as a natural selection/de-selection mechanism inherently identifying top, medium, and low performs and making performance ratings obsolete. From all of this, individuals continuously evolve, seek and get validation of their skills and performance (The Economist, 10, 2010). Personalization means an employment relationship that responds to the individual needs of each generation. It also makes people able to exercise many more varied ways to do the job than in the past. Different types of working like modular job, matrix-driven organizational models, global teams, new options for work customization have just become the trends recently and will be the ordinary ones in the decades to come. C. Benko and A. Molly (2010) name it lattice thinking Ladder work norm Work is place you go 9-to-5 hours Work design is often repetitive and routine Work is often structured around individual contributions and results Job responsibilities are relatively static Job descriptions provide boundaries to work within Team often are co-located, permanent and work within an organizational area Management dictates the when , where and how of work Lattice work norms Work is what you do 24/7 hours Work design is often non routine and responsive to market issues and opportunities Work is often structured around team-based contributions and results Job responsibilities are fluid Job descriptions are based on competencies required to meet business objectives Teams are often far-flung, transitory and work across the organizational silos Employees have choices, within guidelines, about the when, where and how to work Principles Practice Areas Social Connection Values, Brand demonstrated by: Social Recruiting Social Learning Social Connection Accelerated Leadership Collaboration Authenticity Personalization Innovation Work arrangement shifts towards greater specialization (non-core function will be outsourced, focus will be placed on specialized competency) Individual compete in the global market for project opportunity. Team dissolve and reform as old projects completed and new ones begin New way of work Video Conference Second life-online virtual world where client and employee can interact with computer generated avatar Just in time workersOnline labor market in which company or individual can parcel out piecework to individual Role play in online computer game to identify leader. Individuals develop portfolio careers, working on a short-term, contractual basis. Work can be bought , sourced and trade through network Workers are categorized and rewarded for having specialist expertise and project delivery-related bonuses become the norm The responsibility for skills development shifts wholesale to Individuals People are more likely to see themselves as members of a particular skill or professional network than as an employee of a particular company. Employees rely on achieving high scoring eBay style ratings of past job performance to land the next contract.